皇帝约瑟夫二世与迪特斯多夫谈海顿、莫扎特(1786)
1786年约瑟夫二世与迪特斯多夫谈海顿、莫扎特
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Dittersdorf, the composer of some light pieces, which enjoyed at the time a great vogue, wrote an oratorio entitled Job. This, together with the symphonies of Ovid's Metamorphoses, he wanted to have performed at Vienna, at a place called the Augarten. But the Emperor's permission was necessary. It was granted without difficulty. When the matter had been arranged, the following dialogue occured between the Emperor and the composer.
迪特斯多夫，一些轻音乐的作曲者，在当时很受欢迎，写了一部叫Job的清唱剧。他想让这部剧和Ovid's Metamorphoses的交响曲一起在维也纳的Augarten演出，然而必须得到皇帝约瑟夫二世的许可。这事毫无阻碍地被批准了。当一切安排妥当后，在皇帝和作曲家之间发生了下面的对话。（约二指当时的皇帝约瑟夫二世；迪指迪特斯多夫）
Emperor: You have an appointment in Silesia.
约二：你在Silesia有个任命。
Dittersdorf: I have, Sire. I am captain of a bailiwick.
迪：是的，陛下。我是警督。
Emperor: Do you possess all the knowledge requisite for so important a post?
约二：你已经掌握这个重要职位所需的全部知识了吗？
Dittersdorf: I was born and educated in Vienna, and it would be shameful if I had learnt only how to play the violin and write a little music.
迪：我在维也纳出生、受教育，如果我只学会了如何拉小提琴，写一点音乐，那就太可耻了。
Emperor: Your replies are exceedingly sharp.
约二：你的回答很犀利。
Dittersdorf: I have been told that you are fond of frankness; but, if there is anything unbecoming in my words, I humbly beg your majesty will pardon me.
迪：我听说您喜欢率直。不过，要是有任何冒犯您的地方，我恳求陛下您宽恕我。
Emperor: You were correctly informed, and your words have not affronted me in the least. Have you ever heard Mozart play?
约二：你的消息属实，起码现在你还没有冒犯我。你听过莫扎特演奏吗？
Dittersdorf: Three times, Sire.
迪：三次，陛下。
Emperor: What do think of him?
约二：你觉得他怎么样？
Dittersdorf: What every competent judge must think.
迪：与每一个合格的行家看法一致。
Emperor: Have you heard Clementi, also?
约二：你也听过克列门蒂演奏吗？
Dittersdorf: Yes, I have heard him, too.
迪：是的，我也听过他。
Emperor: Some persons prefer him to Mozart. What do you think on the subject? Answer frankly.
约二：一些人比起莫扎特更喜欢他。你对这个话题有什么看法？直说即可。
Dittersdorf: There is great art and profundity in Clementi's playing; we find the same two qualities in Mozart, and in addition, a great deal of taste.
迪：克列门蒂的演奏富有艺术感和深度；莫扎特也同样，而且更加有品味。
Emperor: That is my opinion. I am glad to find I agree with you about Mozart's playing. Now tell me what you think of his compositions.
约二：这也是我的观点。我很高兴我们俩达成一致。现在告诉我，你对他的作品有什么看法。
Dittersdorf: He is, without doubt, an original genius, and I know no other composer in whom new ideas gush forth so abundantly; one might almost say he has too many. He does not give his hearers time to breathe. Scarcely have you been entranced at some beautiful creation, before suddenly another rises up, and so on. You enjoy at a gallop, and, at the end of the opera, you regret all you have been obliged to leave on the road to follow the composer in the flight of his indefatigable and inexhaustible productivity.
迪：他是……毫无疑问，他是个真正的天才。我不知道有哪位作曲家能像他一样源源不断地迸发出如此丰富的灵感，仿佛从不枯竭。他不会给听众喘息的机会，几乎是刚进入一个美妙的仙境，另一个仙境就立刻出现了，循环往复。你享受着这样的精神驰游，直到歌剧结束，你后悔在受到不知疲倦、无穷无尽的创造力惠泽之后，又从飞翔途中被作曲家抛置于地面。
Emperor: That is true. Moreover, I find his music overloaded with notes; even the singers complain of this.
约二：确实。此外，我还发现他的音乐承载了过多的音符，甚至连歌手们都抱怨此事。
Dittersdorf: That is not a defect, provided the accompaniment does not cover the voice.
迪：这不能算是缺点，（乐队的）伴奏从来不会盖过歌声。
Emperor: And what do you say of Haydn?
约二：你对海顿什么看法？
Dittersdorf: I have not heard his compositions for the stage.
迪：我还没有听过他的舞台作品。
Emperor: You have not lost anything by that; but what do you think of his chamber-music?
约二：你并不会因此而错过什么。那你觉得他的室内乐怎么样？
Dittersdorf: I think it is only right that it should produce a great sensation everywhere, and I believe Haydn runs no risk of having his vein dried up, as has been the case with so many composers of our own times. Haydn knows so well how to regenerate and deck out the most common and most used-up idea, that even a connoisseur is taken in.
迪：我认为唯一正确的一点是，他能够在任何地方制造很好的感官效果，我也相信海顿不会有灵感枯竭的危险，就像我们这个时代的许多作曲家一样。他深知如何去重构和修饰哪怕是最普通、最泛用的乐思，即便是鉴赏家也会被吸引。
Emperor: Does he not often fall into affectation?
约二：他不会经常显得做作吗？
Dittersdorf: Haydn knows how to be graceful without falling into mannerism, and without profaning the dignity of art.
迪：海顿知道如何表现得优雅而不是落入俗套，同时也不亵渎艺术的尊严。
Emperor: Your remark is just. (After a moment's silence), I instituted lately a comparison between Haydn and Mozart. Do you do so, too, that we may see how far our opinions agree.
约二：你的评价很中肯。（沉默片刻）接下来我想比较一下海顿和莫扎特。你会这样做吗，看看我们的意见在多大程度上一致。
Dittersdorf: (shrugging his shoulders). That is a very delicate task.
迪：（耸了耸肩）这真是个棘手的任务。
Emperor: Oh! I know the modesty of you gentlemen. I must confess, however, I did not expect to find it in your case, after the decided character yon have hitherto shown.
约二：噢，我知道你作为绅士的谦逊。我得承认，当你已经清楚明白地表现出这种性格之后，我不是故意要寻其根据。
Dittersdorf: Well, then, since it is absolutely necessary for me to speak, will your Majesty allow me first to ask you a question?
迪：呃，好吧，既然要我一定说出来，陛下可否允许我问您一个问题？
Emperor: Go on.
约二：说。
Dittersdorf: Which of the two poets does your Majesty prefer; Klopstock or Gellert?
迪：这两位诗人陛下您更钟情其中哪一位呢？Klopstock还是Gellert？
Emperor: They are two great poets, with this difference: you must think twice before you can seize all the beauties of Klopstock, while Gellert's merit stares you in the face.
约二：他们是两位伟大的诗人，区别在于：你必须三思才能理解Klopstock的全部美，而Gellert的优点是可以直视到的。
Dittersdorf: Your Majesty has yourself settled the question.
迪：陛下您刚才亲自解答了这个问题。
Emperor: According to you, Mozart is Klopstock and Haydn is Gellert?
约二：你是认为，莫扎特是Klopstock，海顿是Gellert？
Dittersdorf: Precisely.
迪：恰如其分。
Emperor: I have no objection to urge against that.
约二：我对此没有异议。
Dittersdorf: May I now be so bold as to enquire what is your Majesty's opinion of these two artists?
迪：我能斗胆向陛下打听一下，您对这两位音乐家的看法吗？
Emperor: I compare Mozart's productions to a snuff-box made in Paris, and Haydn's, to one made in London: both are beautiful. The first is remarkable for the elegance and good taste of the ornaments; the second for its simplicity and the brilliancy of its polish. You see we are pretty nearly of the same opinion, and I am delighted to find that you in no way resemble the portrait they draw me of you.
约二：我会把莫扎特的作品比作巴黎产的鼻烟盒，至于海顿，是伦敦产的；它们都很美。前者令人印象深刻的是其高雅感和别致的装饰，后者则是因其简洁和明亮的抛光。你看，我们的观点是如此相近，我很高兴你一点也不像他们跟我描绘的你。
Dittersdorf: How so, Sire?
迪：那是怎么样的，陛下？
Emperor: They told me that you were egotistical; that you rendered justice to no virtuoso and to no composer; and that you were ridiculously vain. I have just been convinced of the contrary, and I shall be delighted to see you during your stay in Vienna; you will always find me at this time.
约二：他们告诉我你很傲慢，不给任何艺术家和作曲家公正的评价，而且可笑地自负。我刚刚被相反的事实所说服。我很乐意在你停留维也纳的期间见你，你也总可以在这个时候找到我。
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